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System Software A vital part of any general-purpose computer is the system software, or software tools which are used in conjunction with the computer hardware. This unit concentrates on the software tools which. development, or for use as a business or administrative system. The first requirement when a computer is switched on is some kind of loader program which can be used to load any other program from the backing storage medium into memory prior to execution. In most modern computers the loader would be a rather large program stored in ROM. Thus the loader program provides a method of bootstrapping other more complex programs. the loader program which resides permanently in ROM typically occupies only about 1 kbyte of memory. A different type of computer many also be used for bootstrapping, by making use of cross-software. For example, a program may be written for a microprocessor such as MC6809 on a minicomputer or mainframe computer, using an assembler written in a language which is available on the large computer, such as PASCAL, C, or FORTRAN. Software which enables programs to be loaded from (and stored on) backing storage media can be combined. Hence the program is known as a disk operating system (DOS). A disk operating system provides two fundamental facilities. First, it provides a mechanism for communication between the computer and the user by handling input and output to the user’s console and executing the commands specified by the user. Files, which may contain machine code, ASCII coded source text, data or any other information , are stored on the disk in a format defined by the operating system, and are accessed via filenames. Typically, the operating system includes the following: (a) Directory listing (b) File erasing (c) File renaming (d

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